植物混掺物对土壤水分运动影响的分析

Analysis on Plant Mixture on Effect of Soil Water Movement

[目的]研究植物混掺物对土壤含水率、土壤保水性和入渗性的影响。[方法]利用简单试验仪器设计植物混掺物的室内渗流试验,即在相同入渗水量(注水920 ml)条件下,测定纯土及掺有1%和3%麦秸、胡麻杆及玉米芯8种土壤类型的土壤水入渗的相关参数,比较其土壤含水率和湿润锋推移的差异性。[结果]在植物混掺物的湿润锋推移中,混掺3%麦秸、胡麻杆、玉米芯的无积水时刻分别为79、83和75 min,水平湿润锋入渗距离分别为12.6、12.1和13.2 cm,垂向湿润锋入渗距离分别为14.0、14.5和15.0 cm,以混掺3%玉米芯的土壤无积水时刻少,水平湿润锋入渗距离和垂向湿润锋入渗距离为最高,其含水率低1%～3%。[结论]在耕作层中掺入适量秸秆有助于提高土壤保水性,增加入渗性及墒情,实际耕作中以添加3%玉米芯为最好。

[Objective]The study aimed to research the effect of plant mixture on soil moisture content,water retention and infiltration of soil.[Method]The indoor seepage test on plant mixed-doped material was designed by using the simple testing instrument,that is,under the condition of same water infiltration amount,the relative parameters of soil water infiltration for 8 soil kinds including the plain soil and the soil mixed by 1% and 3% wheat straw,benne stick and corncobs were measured and their differences on soil water content and wetting front process were compared.[Result]During the wetting front process of plant mixed-doped material,no seeper time of mixing 3% wheat straw,benne stick and corncob into the soil were 79,83 and 75 min resp.,their infiltration distance of level wetting front were 12.6,12.1 and 13.2 cm resp.and their infiltration distance of vertical wetting front were 14.0,14.5 and 15.0 cm resp.Among them,the treatment of mixing 3% corncob into the soil had the least time of no seeper in the soil and the highest infiltration distance of level wetting front and the infiltration distance of vertical wetting front,and its moisture content was lower by 1%-3%.[Conclusion] Mixing the suitable straw into the soil was helpful to improve the soil water retention and increase the water infiltration and moisture content in the cultivated layer,with adding 3% corncob as the best in practical cultivation.