美国高等教育普及化的制度逻辑

On the Institutional Logic of the Universalization of American Higher Education

美国高等教育在经历了殖民教育的诞生、州立大学的发展、初级学院的繁盛和国民教育的兴渐四个发展时期后，实现了高等教育普及化。美国高等教育普及化的制度特征主要体现为多元互补的教育结构、高进低出的招生制度和公私兼济的财政制度。影响美国高等教育普及化的制度环境主要包括公益性的政策环境、竞争性的市场环境和多样性的社会环境。学习与借鉴关国经验，有助于我们在高等教育普及化过程中找到一块合适的制度土壤。

After experiencing the birth of colonial education, the development of state universities, the prosperity of junior colleges, and the popularity of compulsory education, American higher education has realized universalization. The institutional characteristics of American higher education include multi - dimen- sional supplementary educational structure, the easy - to - enter - but - hard - to - graduate enrollment system, and the public and private concurrent aids. The institutional environments affecting American higher education mainly include the public welfare policy environment, the competitive market environment, and the diversified social environment. American experiences will benefit China in its searching for an appropriate institution in the process of universalization.