中英远程开放教育理念比较——以我国“四个面向”和英国“四个开放”为例

The Comparative Study of Distance Open Education Theories between China and the U.K——An Example of China's Four Orientations and the U.K.'s Four Opens

"四个面向"即面向地方、面向基层、面向农村、面向边远和民族地区,是中国广播电视大学的办学方向。"四个开放"即人的开放、地点的开放、方法的开放、思想的开放,是英国开放大学长期秉承的教育理念。两种理念具有深刻的内涵,其在中英远程开放教育中有着重要地位,两者在各自的社会背景中体现不同的办学特色:"四个面向"理念更加重视教育"区域公平",强调"远程教育"属性,注重教育质量"多样化",具有更明显的政策性特征;"四个开放"则更重视教育"人际公平",强调"开放教育"属性,注重教育质量"标准化",具有更明显的终极性特征。

China Radio and TV University has been following the educational principle of Four Orientations, namely, facing the local places, facing the grass roots, facing the countryside and facing the areas of remoteness and minority nationality. On the other hand, the open universities in the U.K. adopt Four Opens as their educational principles which are open to people, places, methods and ideas. Both of the educational principles have profound connotation and play a significant role in the distance open education of China and the U.K. They give an expression to different educational features in their respectively social background： Four Orientations attach much importance to regional impartiality of education, to the attributes of distance education and to the diversification of educational quality, all of which display distinct policy characteristics; Four Opens lay much emphasis on the equity among people, on the attributes of open education and on the standardization of educational quality, all of which are clearly typical of ultimateness.