我国城乡居民医疗保健支出现状分析

Health expenditure analysis for urban and rural residents in China

目的了解我国城乡居民卫生费用及医疗保健支出情况，为完善卫生系统筹资战略提供客观依据。方法采用1999年至2007年统计年鉴数据，对我国城乡居民卫生费用及医疗保健支出现状及变化趋势进行分析。结果城乡卫生费用筹资额定比增长了200％；城乡居民人均医疗保健支出增长幅度差异明显（城市为152．86％，农村为172．77％）；居民医疗保健支出随人均收入变化而稳步增长，但健康消费总体水平仍很低，尤其是农村居民；2003年以来农村居民医疗保健支出收入弹性比城镇居民大，相对差距正逐步缩小。结论应重点增加农村居民收入，提高社会边际医疗保健支出倾向；改善医疗卫生服务条件，扩大医疗保障覆盖面，带动城乡居民医疗保健的合理消费；重视文化因素的作用，提高全民健康投资意识和自我保健能力。

Objective To probe into the health expenditure and medical expenditure of Chinese people in rural and urban areas as objective references to improve the funding strategy of China＇s health care system. Methods Statistics annuals from 1999 to 2007 were called into play to analyze the status quo and trends of both expenditures. Results Definite proportion of funds raised for rural and urban health expenditure has grown by 200%; a distinct gap exists between the growth of per-capita medical expenditure in rural and urban residents （152. 86% in urban and 172. 77% in rural areas）; medical expenditure maintains a steady growth along with rising per-capita income, yet the health consumption remains at a low level in general, especially among rural residents; since 2003, the income elasticity of the medical expenditure among rural residents keeps rising, narrowing the relative gap with urban residents. Conclusion It is recommended to push up the income of rural residents with greater resources, and to encourage the trend of marginal social medical expenditure. In addition, it is necessary to upgrade medical services, expand medical service coverage, and encourage reasonable consumption of medical services by both rural and urban residents; and to focus the role of cultural factors for greater awareness of the people in health investment and self-heahhcare.