捷克与斯洛伐克政治、经济和外交转型比较

A Comparison of the Political,Economic and Diplomatic Transformations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

1989年政局剧变后,捷克与斯洛伐克开始了政治、经济和外交全面转型进程。1992年捷克和斯洛伐克联邦解体后,它们各自呈现出了不同的转型特征。历史传统、政治精英和"回归欧洲"等因素决定和影响了它们的转型路径和转型绩效。转型初始条件较差的斯洛伐克经历了更为曲折和艰难的转型道路,但随着政治精英更能利用欧洲一体化的发展机遇促进国内政治、经济和社会发展,它在转型的后半程取得显著进展,不仅与捷克会合于欧洲-大西洋结构中,而且缩短了与捷克的差距。

After the political upheavals in November 1989,the Czech Republic and Slovakia started their political, economic and diplomatic transition processes respectively, who, after the dissolution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1992, have chosen different ways of transformation. A series of factors such as historical traditions, political elites and the foreign policy of 'returning to Europe' decided and affected their transformation paths and performances. Slovakia, with much worse conditions at the initial stage of its transformation, has undergone a more tortuous and difficult path compared with the Czech Republic. But after the Slovak political elites have gradually learned how to take advantages of the historic opportunity provided by the European integration to promote its domestic political, economic and social development, Slovakia has achieved significant progresses in the second stage of its transformation. As a result, both the two countries have been integrated into the Euro-Atlantic Structure and Slovakia has abridged its gaps with the Czech Republic.