新形势下西北地区碳排放及低碳化发展研究——以陕西省为例

Investigating Carbon Emission Situations and Low-carbon Development in the Northwest of China:A Case Study of Shaanxi Province

在西部大开发战略实施十周年、基础设施建设瓶颈基本突破,国际金融危机持续影响和碳排放压力日趋增大的新形势下,我国西北地区面临着权衡发展权与排放权,促进区域社会经济全面快速发展与减少CO2排放的双重压力与挑战。本文以陕西省为例,对其自新中国成立以来碳排放的数量和结构变化进行回顾,并利用SPSS软件从经济总量、产业结构、消费特征、能源结构和利用效率等方面对影响其变化的主要因素进行分析。在此基础上结合陕西省的客观实际,指出其今后应从碳源和碳汇两个角度,三次产业、低碳生活和碳汇的五个层面走低碳化的发展道路,即:①创建有机、生态、高效的新农业;②优化二产结构,建立循环经济园区,改善能源消费;③聚焦产业链两端,大力发展现代服务业;④倡导绿色消费,塑造低碳生活;⑤植树种草,扩大碳汇。

The northwest of China is currently facing dual pressures and a series of challenges with three major characteristics. First, the Western Region Development Strategy has been implementing for ten years, and basic infrastructures necessary for regional rapid development have been progressively completed, such as transportation and electricity. Second, the international financial crisis breaking out in 2007 has leaded resources and traditional industries of the northwest areas to a grim situation. Third, China is currently facing an increasing pressure on CO2 emission reductions, so is the northwest areas. Therefore, on the one hand, it is time for the northwest areas to strive for development rights to maintain regional and local economy prosperous; to this end, it is inevitable to increase CO2 emissions. On the other hand, it is also necessary for the northwest areas to contribute to China’s CO2 emission reductions. In the present study, the authors documented the quantitative and structural evolutions of CO2 emissions of Shaanxi province in the northwest areas since 1949, and analyzed in detail the primary factors affecting changes in CO2 emissions from the aspects of GDP, industrial structure, consumption characteristics, energy consumption structure and efficiency. Then, in consideration of Shaanxi province’s current situations, it was indicated that low-carbon development should be taken in the future. Measures for low-carbon development should be taken from both carbon sources and carbon absorption, including five aspects, i.e., agriculture, industry, service industry, living style, and CO2 absorption. Low-carbon development generally embodies following components： 1） creating an organic, ecological, and efficient new agriculture; 2） optimizing the industrial and energy structure, and improving energy efficiency; 3） focusing on the both ends of industrial chains, and developing modern service industry actively; 4） advocating green consumption, and creating low-carbon life; and 5） planting trees and grass to fix carbon element and expand carbon absorption. The results of this paper would provide meaningful reference theoretically and practically for saving energy, reducing CO2 emissions and promoting sustainable development for China, particularly for the northwest areas.