国家级自然保护区小陇山白皮松优势种群生态位研究

Study on the Dominant Population Ecology Niche of Pinus bungeana in National Nature Reserve

将小陇山林区白皮松群落(Pinus bungeana Community)中8个主要种群及海拔梯度900～1 050 m综合为一维资源位,定量计算白皮松群落主要种群生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位相似比例指数值,分析群落各种群生态位的意义。结果表明,白皮松群落主要种群生态位宽度值大小顺序为白皮松>黄栌>狼牙刺>侧柏>秦岭海桐>野花椒>灰木紫宛>栓皮栎;白皮松为优势种群或者建群种,黄栌和狼牙刺为次优势种群;白皮松与生态位宽度值较大的种群有较大的相似性,与生态位窄的种群相似程度小;白皮松与其他树种生态位重叠较高,但互相间并不存在较剧烈的竞争;各树种可利用的资源位较充分,都能各自占据适宜的生态位而和谐共存,整个群落处于相对稳定状态。

8 main tree populations in Pinus bungeana community in different elevation（900-1 050 m） were regarded as one-dimension resource states. The niche breadth, niche proportional similarity and niche overlap of main tree populations in Pinus bungeana forests were measured. Differenet communities niches were analysed. The results showed that niche breadth values were： Pinus bungeana 〉 Cotinns eoggygria Scop〉 Sophora viciifolia 〉 Biota orientalis 〉 Pittosporum rehderianum Gowda 〉 Zanthoxylum simulans〉Azter poliothamnns Diels exlimp〉 Quercus variabilis. Pinus bungeana was the dominant community or constructive species, Cotinus coggygria Scop and Sophora viciifolia were sub-dominant communities; Pinus bungeana had a big similarity with community with big niche breadth value, and had a small similarity with that with small value; Pinus bungeana had a high niche overlap with other species, but there wasn＇t violent composition between them; different species available resource states were sufficient, they could occupy proper niches, whole community was in a relatively stable situation.