中国的环境效率与环境管制——基于1986-2007年省级水平的估算

Environmental Efficiency and Environmental Regulation in China Based on the Provincial Data from 1986 to 2007

环境效率是生产过程中潜在可实现的最少污染排放量与实际污染排放量之比,企业能否提高环境效率取决于环保投入的产出水平。文章在随机前沿生产函数基础上估算了中国1986-2007年省级水平的环境效率,结果显示:中国的环境效率较低且增长缓慢,其中中部地区环境效率最低,西部地区环境效率最高。目前的环境管制方式在东部较为有效,对中西部的影响则不显著。因此环境管制不但要针对污染物当量,还要综合考虑企业的成本、利润水平等因素,才能更好治理污染。

Environmental efficiency means the ratio of the potential least pollution emissions to the actual pollution emissions and its improvement depends on the output level of environmental protection input. Based on the stochastic frontier production function, the paper estimates the environmental efficiency in China at the provincial level from 1986 to 2007. The results show that overall the environmental efficiency in China is low and increases at a low speed. Among different areas, the environmental efficiency in the central areas is the lowest and the one in the western areas is the highest. And the environmental regulation is effective in the eastern areas, but has no significant effects in the central and western areas. Therefore, the governments should not only aim at pollutants equivalent weight, but also take into account such factors as the costs and profits of enterprises.