农户灌溉用水的效率差异——基于甘肃、内蒙古两个典型灌区实地调查的比较分析

Farmers' Irrigation Water Use Efficiency Variance:A Comparative Analysis Based on Field Survey of Two Typical Irrigated Areas in Gansu and Inner Mongolia

本文根据甘肃省张掖市与内蒙古自治区包头市典型灌区2007年的农户调查数据,基于单一投入要素技术效率测定理论,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法客观评价被调查农户灌溉用水效率,并对两个典型灌区农户在灌溉用水方面存在的效率差异进行比较分析。研究表明,农户的生产目的、收入水平及来源、种植业能力等家庭特征,配水、输水设施条件与灌溉方式等生产条件与价格水平、水权安排等用水管理制度因素是导致农户灌溉用水效率差异的主要原因;发展农户参与式灌溉管理模式、优化水资源管理体制、扩大市场在农业水资源配置中的作用、强化农田水利基础设施建设、建立灵活便捷的灌溉供水系统是微观层面农业用水效率提高的关键。

Based on the survey data of typical irrigation farmers in Zhangye City,Gansu Province and Baotou City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2007,using the single input factors technical efficiency determination theory,the surveyed farmers' irrigation water use efficiency was evaluated objectively by using data envelopment analysis (DEA) method,and in-depth comparative analysis were conducted for the existing differences of farmers' irrigation water use efficiency in the 2 typical irrigation areas.Studies have shown that family characteristics such as the purpose of household production,income sources and levels,farming capacity,and water use management institutional factors such as water distribution,water facilities,irrigation methods,and other production conditions and price levels,and water rights arrangements,are the main factors causing farmers' irrigation water use efficiency differences.The development of farmer participatory irrigation management model,optimization of water resources management system,expanding the role of water market in agriculture water resources allocation,strengthen water infrastructure construction,and establish a flexible and convenient irrigation water supply system,are the key to enhance the water use efficiency in agriculture at the micro level.