经济学基本问题与当代经济学思想谱系——三大经济学范式的思想本质与相互关系

Basic Problems and Thought Genealogy of Economics——The Essence and Relationship of Three Paradigms of Economics

不同哲学立场将引致不同的经济学基本问题,由此将发现不同的经济机制,形成不同的经济学理论范式。以个体经济行为的"欲望与资源的矛盾"作为经济学基本问题,发现了市场的"边际利益均衡机制",诞生了新古典主义经济学;以"再生产流程问题"为经济学基本问题,发现了社会再生产流程的"货币流量机制",诞生了凯恩斯主义经济学;以"市场经济的生产关系力量的根源和本质"作为经济学基本问题,导致了对资本的历史运动规律的发现,诞生了马克思主义经济学。这三种理论范式构成了当代经济学思想谱系,它们应当相互补充,而马克思主义经济学揭示了社会经济现象的本质层面。

Different philosophical standpoints will bring about different basic problems of economics, thus discovering different economic mechanisms and creating different paradigms of economic theories. The study on the contradiction between the desire and resources based on individual economic behaviors finds equilibrium mechanism of marginal interests and gives birth to neo-classical economics. The study on the condition of reproduction process issues finds a money-flow mechanism, and gives birth to Keynesian economics. The study on origin and essence of power of production relations in market economy leads to the discovery of the laws of capital＇s historical movement, and gives birth to Marxist economics. The three theoretical paradigms make up the thought genealogy of modern economics and should complement each other. Among them, Marxist economics reveals the essence of economic phenomena.