煤炭资源开发对中国煤炭城市经济增长的影响——基于资源诅咒学说的经验研究

Effects of Coal Resources Development on Economic Growth of Coal Cities in China:An Empirical Study Based on Resource Curse Theory

文章针对我国煤炭城市普遍存在的煤炭资源大量开采输出与经济发展水平滞后并存的反差现象,运用资源诅咒学说,通过数理模型的推导讨论了煤炭资源开发对煤炭城市长期经济增长产生的四种不同效应,并利用我国28个地级煤炭城市1997-2007年的面板数据,对煤炭资源开发与煤炭城市经济增长之间的关联效应及其传导机制进行了实证考察。结果显示:煤炭资源的开发确实束缚了煤炭城市的经济增长而产生了资源诅咒效应;固定资产投资和制造业投入对煤城经济增长的促进作用较为显著,科技投入对经济增长也表现出了一定的推动作用,但外资投入和人力资本投入的作用均不显著;煤炭城市经济发展中的要素利用效率偏低,粗放式的增长模式表现明显;煤炭资源开发主要通过削弱制造业投入、外资投入、科技投入和人力资本投入这四种传导途径来制约经济增长,其中制造业投入是作用最强的传导因素。最后文章为我国煤炭城市的经济发展提出了针对性的政策建议。

Based on an the coexisting phenomenon of extensive coal exploitation and output in coal cities and lagged economic development level, the paper applies the resource curse theory to discuss four types of impacts of coal resources development on long-term economic growth of coal cities through a mathematical model, and carries out an empirical study on the correlation between coal resources development and economic growth of coal cities and its transmission mechanism by using the panel data of 28 prefec ture-level coal cities from 1997 to 2007 in China. Results reveal that coal resources development indeed imposes restrictions on the economic growth of coal cities, which brings about the resource curse effect. Fixed assets investment and manufacturing input boost evidently the economic growth of coal cities, and science and technology input has a positive effects on the economic growth of coal cities to some extent, while foreign capital investment and human capital input have no obvious effects on the economic growth of coal cities. The economic development of coal cities with lower factor use efficiency is significantly featured by extensive growth. Coal resources development impedes economic growth of coal cities mainly by the reduction of manufacturing input, foreign capital investment, science and technology input, and human capital input, and among them, manufacturing input is the strongest transmission factor. At last, the paper puts forward some pertinent policy advice about economic development of coal cities.