技术效率、技术进步与中国农业全要素生产率的提高——基于国际比较的实证分析

Technical Efficiency,Technical Progress and the Increase of Agricultural Total Factor Productivity in China:Empirical Study Based on International Comparisons

文章运用DEA方法测算了包括中国在内的20个人均土地资源较少的国家以及美国、澳大利亚和新西兰3个新大陆国家1961-2005年间的农业技术效率、技术进步及Malmquist生产率指数。实证结果显示:20世纪60年代以来,即使同样在人均土地资源较少的条件下,发达国家的农业全要素生产率的增长仍然快于发展中国家;在过去四十多年里,中国农业全要素生产率的提高同土地以及劳动等农业资源的配置效率有紧密关系,值得注意的是,中国农业土地要素存在过量投入的情况,这或许与中国土地制度没有完全市场化有直接关系。

By DEA, the paper measures the technical efficiency, technical progress and Malmquist productivity index of 20 countries including China with low land resources per capita, USA, Australia and New Zealand from 1961 to 2005. The empirical results indicate that the increase of agricultural TFP of developed countries is faster than the one of developing countries since 1960s. The increase of agricultural TFP in China depends on the allocation effieiency of agricultural resources. It is worth noting that the agricultural land factor is excessively input, which may be related to the incomplete marketization of land system in China.