文化类型论与中国区域文化心理类型解析

On the Types of Culture and Chinese Regional Cultural Psychological Types

人类的文化、文化模式、文化类型是学术界争论不休的话题,不同学科有不同的文化定义,因而形成了千差万别的文化模式分型。不同民族、国家之间的文化心理差异比较研究称为跨文化心理学,中国不同地理区域、行政区域、城乡区域的文化心理差异比较研究称为区域跨文化心理学,简称中国区域心理学。中国区域心理学视野中可以区分出都市文化心理和村落文化心理差异,也可以区分出东西南北中各类地理文化类型以及齐鲁文化、中原文化、燕赵文化、关中文化、巴蜀文化、荆楚文化、吴越文化、岭南文化、滇黔文化、闽台文化及西藏文化、蒙古草原文化、松辽文化等类型和模式,这些文化类型形成了全国各地不同的文化圈,造就了各地居民的不同文化性格。文化类型心理差异研究不仅有利于跨文化心理学学科建设,也有利于揭示区域文化性格差异的心理原因,为建设和谐社会提供理论依据。

Human culture, cultural patterns, cultural types are the subjects of academic debates. Different disci- plines have different definitions of culture and create different types of cultural pattems. The comparative study of cultur- al and psychological differences between different ethnics and nations is known as the cross -cultural psychology. The comparative studies of different geographic regions, administrative regions, urban and rural culture of the region is known as the regional cross- cultural psychology, which is referred to as China＇ s regional psychology. China＇ s regional psy- chology can be distinguished as urban culture and rural culture, but also can be distinguished as East, West, South, North and Centre, as well as various types of Qilu culture, Central Plains culture, Yanzhao culture, Guanzhong culture, Bashu culture, Jingchu culture, Wuyue culture, Lingnan culture, Dianqian culture, Mintai culture and Tibetan culture, the Mongolian steppe culture, Songliao culture. Such cultural types form different cultural circles all over the country and has resulted in different cultural characters of the residents. The studies on the psychological differences in the types of cultures is not only help us build the cross -cultural psychology disciplines, but also help reveal the psychological reasons of regional and cultural character differences, as well as provide theoretical basis for harmonious society.