长期定位施肥对甘薯块根产量及其主要品质的影响

Effects of long-term located fertilization on yield and quality of sweetpotato

以1980年建立的砂壤质潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期监测基地(徐州点)的长期肥料定位试验为研究平台,研究长期不同施肥制度对甘薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明:有机肥(M)处理产量普遍高于化肥处理,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01);不施肥(CK)条件下淀粉和糖类积累速率比施肥处理干物质积累的速度快;施肥有利于淀粉积累,尤其是钾肥(K)在淀粉合成过程中作用明显,有利于淀粉型甘薯生长。施氮(N)有利于碳氮代谢,缺钾时干物质分配到块根中的比例小;氮肥能明显提高蛋白质含量,有利于改善鲜食型甘薯品质,蛋白质对钾磷肥效应不明显,M处理的蛋白质含量略低于氮钾磷(NPK)处理,但整体评价甘薯品质方面,M处理优于其他肥料处理。

Effects of long-term located fertilization on the yield and quality of sweetpotato in the monitoring base established in 1980 in Xuzhou were studied. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer （M） could improve the yield more than other fertilizers,with the significant difference at P〈0.01. The accumulation rates of starch and sugar under the condition of no fertilizer （CK） were faster than any other treatment with different fertilizations. The long-term fertilization was beneficial to the accumulation of starch,especially potassium（K）,which was favorable for sweet potato variety with high starch. Nitrogen fertilizer（N）was useful for the C/N metabolism,but the ratio of dry matter assigned to the root was low under potassium deficiency. N could significantly increase the content of protein,which was useful for improving the quality of flesh-eating sweetpotato. There was no obvious difference in the protein content under treatments with K and phosphorus（P）,while the protein content under the treatment of M was slightly lower than the treatment of NPK. In all,M was better than the other fertilizers on quality of sweet potato.