石英原料在太阳能产业及其他高科技工业中的应用前景——以哈萨克斯坦和埃及为例(英文)

Past,Present and Future of Quartz-universal Material for Solar Energy and Other High-tech Industries in Kazakhstan and Egypt

人类开发应用石英具有悠久的历史:早在石器时代,人类就曾将石英作为装饰品、工具、法器、武器、日用品等应用;在工业时代,石英主要作为玻璃原料及冶金熔剂使用;当代,石英广泛应用于许多工业和高科技领域。近年来,石英作为可再生能源及其它高科技领域用的材料,特别是以石英为原料制备多晶硅及单晶硅作为微电子学材料及太阳能利用材料方面展示了广阔的前景。但这个领域对石英纯度的要求很高,通过传统的提纯和晶体生长技术将石英转化为硅很不经济,因为传统方法大量使用氯、氯化氢及四氯化硅对环境有负面影响。而开发闭路循环技术系统或使用高纯度石英原料是解决这个问题的重要途径,前者取决于化学冶金技术水平,而后者则取决于矿产地质。因此,高纯度石英的找矿评价及工业硅的提纯是大力发展太阳能产业的重要途径。目前,以石英为原料进行高纯半导体材料和微电子材料等的合成在有些国家已经大规模工业化,并形成产业,如太阳能产业和高科技工业。据预测,在2010至2012年间,高纯石英原料将会短缺且竞争激烈。根据发达国家的实践经验,在哈萨克斯坦建立用于太阳能和其它高科技工业的高纯石英基地具有重要的理论和现实意义。哈萨克斯坦高纯石英资源丰富,在哈萨克斯坦中部,变质成因的石英脉及交代型的石英岩很普通,在东部、中部、南部和西部,石英结晶花岗岩则很多,水晶矿床则主要集中在哈萨克斯坦的西南地区,花岗岩侵入体的水晶矿以及粒状石英脉几乎在哈萨克斯坦到处都有分布,结晶花岗岩则分布在哈萨克斯坦北部和南部地区,但是该国针对高纯石英的工业化研究与应用则很少。埃及的石英原料也很丰富,主要矿床位于该国中部和东南部地区,工业化研究与应用也很少。建议这两个国家将高纯石英原料作为太阳能产业及其它高科技产业发展的重点研究领域。

This paper presents the results of theoretical generalization and analysis of materials in terms of occurrences and using of quartz raw materials and its varieties from prehistoric times to the present,and gives the scope of quartz exploitation in the manufacturing of jewelry,technical,medical, bio- and echo defense destination. Particular attention of studying the problem of using quartz as a raw material base for the production of polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon, and creating a cluster of solar energy and microelectronics in Kazakhstan and Egypt,which have huge reserves of high purity quartz and favorable climatic conditions for the development of solar energy with presence of more than 300 sunny days in their territories. It was also noted that, in connection with the forthcoming depletion of traditional energy, mainly oil and gas, solar photovoltaic market will steadily grow and become a very promising not only technically but also in commercial terms. The quartz resources data of Kazakhstan and Egypt and the ways of their rational utilization are given.