部分在校大学生碘营养状况调查

Investigation on iodine nutritional status of undergraduate students

目的:对部分在校大学生的膳食碘摄入及尿碘水平进行调查,综合评价其碘营养现况,为科学、合理的食盐补碘提供参考。方法:以天津医科大学部分在校生为调查对象,共选取95人,其中男生55人,女生40人,进行7日膳食调查,计算其膳食碘摄入量;从学校各个水房及食堂采集饮水及食盐,测定其水碘及盐碘含量;采集调查对象空腹晨尿,用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘水平。结果:95名调查对象平均碘摄入量为(104.56±24.48)μg/d,通过食盐加碘后,每人每日的总碘摄入量为(368.07±25.32)μg/d;调查对象尿碘中位数为347.40μg/L,尿碘范围在46.60～1487.00μg/L,其中3例尿碘水平<100μg/L者占总调查人数的3.16%,而>300μg/L者有52例,占54.74%。结论:这部分学生通过膳食摄入的碘量低于碘的推荐摄入量(RNI),有必要通过食盐加碘来补充碘摄入量。但经食盐加碘补碘后,尿碘水平显示其存在碘摄入过量,提示适当减少碘盐的摄入量,避免碘摄入过量引起的甲状腺疾病。

Objective： To evaluate the current iodine nutritional status of students from the dietary iodine intake and the level of urine iodine, provide data support to salt iodization. Methods： 95 students were selected, of whom 55 boys, 40 girls, 7th dietary survey was carried out to calculate the dietary intake of iodine; collected water and salt from every canteen in school, then measured the iodine levels; their morning urine were collected and urine iodine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results： The average intake of iodine calculated by dietary survey was （104.56±24.48） p.g/d, after salt iodization, the total amount of iodine intake was （368.07±25.32） μg/d; the median of urinary iodine was 347.40 μg/L, the range was 46.60-1 487.00 μg/L, in which there were 3 cases whose urinary iodine levels was less than 100 μg/L, and had a percent of 3.16 of those surveyed; and more than 300 μg/L were 52 cases, accounting for 54.74%. Conclusion： The dietary iodine intake is lower than RNI, salt iodization is necessary. But the level of urine iodine indicates iodine excessive intake after salt iodization, therefor we could reduce the intake of iodide salt to avoid the thyroid diseases induced by iodine excess.