英汉心理词典中英语单词储存的词性效应研究

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Word Classes in Storing English Words in English-Chinese Mental Lexicon

二语学习者在存储二语单词时是否存在着词性效应呢?我们利用词汇命名实验研究了这一问题,包括三个小问题。(1)受试对英语名词、动词、形容词等的反应时之间是否存在显著差异?(2)受试对英语单词素名词、动词、形容词等的反应时之间是否存在显著差异?(3)受试对英语多词素名词、动词、形容词等的反应时之间是否存在显著差异?通过对比受试对不同词性英语单词的反应时,发现组间差异不显著,因此,从总体上来说英汉心理词典中不存在英语单词词形存储的词性效应。对第二和第三个问题的研究表明就英语单词素词来说不存在词性效应,但是,就多词素词来说则存在着词性效应。结合有关研究成果,我们认为心理词典中的词性效应受词素数量的影响,主要存在于语义存储等比较复杂的表征中,与学习者的二语水平有一定的关系。

The paper mainly investigates the effects of word classes in storing English words in English- Chinese mental lexicon based on the data obtained in a lexical naming experiment, which answers the following three questions： （1） Do there exist statistically significant differences among subjects＇ responding time to English nouns, verbs and adjectives as a whole？ （2） Do there exist statistically significant differ- ences among subjects＂ responding time to mono-morphemic English nouns, verbs and adjectives？ （3） Do there exist statistically significant differences among subjects＇ responding time to poly-morphemic English nouns, verbs and adjectives？ The analyses of the responding time show that generally there exist no signif- icant differences among the different word class groups. Further analyses indicate that word classes play no significant role in storing subjects＂ highly familiar mono-morphemic English words in terms of their form storage, but it is not the case as to poly-morphemic words. Based on the achievements in neurolinguistics, psycholinguistics and L2 acquisition, we hold the view that the effects of word class mainly exist in the se- mantic representation or other more complicated levels of the English-Chinese mental lexicon, and they are influenced by the numbers of morphemes, and are related closely to learners＇ L2 proficiency.