1Eichhorn EJ,Bristow MR.Medical therapy can improve the biological properties the chronically failing heart: a new era in the treatment of heart failure[].Circulation.1996
2Whorlow SL,Krum H.Meta-analysis of effect of β-blocker therapy on mortality in patients with New York Heart Association class Ⅳ chronic congestive heart failure[].The American Journal of Cardiology.2000
3Metra M,Giubbini R,Nodari S,et al.Differential effects of betablocker in patients with heart failure: a prospective, randomized,double-blind comparison of the long-term effects of metoprolol versus carvedilol[].Circulation.2000
4Bisognano JD,Weinberger HD,Bohlmeyer TJ,et al.Myocardialdirected overexpression of the human beta-1 adrenergic receptor in transgenic mice[].Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology.2000
5Bristow MR.Mechanism of action of beta-blocking agents in heart failure[].The American Journal of Cardiology.1997
7The Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial Investigators.A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patients with advanced chronic heart failure[].The New England Journal of Medicine.2001
8Yancy CW,Fowler MB,Collucci WS,et al.Race and the response to adrenergic blockade with carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure[].The New England Journal of Medicine.2001
9MERIT-HF Study Group.Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT HF)[].The Lancet.1999
10Parcker M,Coats AJS,Fowler MB,et al.Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure[].The New England Journal of Medicine.2001