我国矮马源流简析

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PONY IN CHINA

矮马泛指成年体高106厘米以下的马,国际上迄今承认的原种只有英国的设特兰矮马。矮马作为现代养马业的一个重要分支,主要用于观赏、游乐、实验动物和劳役。因量少,供不应求,这一资源显得特别珍贵。我国矮马,分布面广而历史悠久,汉代至南宋多有称之为“果下马”矮马的史料记载,后湮没无闻约八百余年。前些年,我国养马科学工作者先后在广西、四川、贵州,云南发现了现代中国矮马,并进行了不少考证研究。1988年4～7月西北农大师生在陕西宁强县又发现了宁强矮马,给我国矮马源流增添了新的内容。笔者根据考古学、民族学、历史地理学和遗传学所涉猎到的资料,试对我国矮马的源流进行一些分析。

All the Guoxia ponies in the court of the Han Dynasty were tributes from Lelang and Suiguo prefectures of ancient Korea,This pony breed originated from the southwest horse in the period from the 6th to the 3rd century of china(770—221B.C.).The southwest horse was Qinghai horse which moved from Qinghai to the southwest with the ancien^+ Qiang peo- ple 4,000 years ago.Actwally,the mordern China pony refers to those horses with undersized gene in the system of the southwest horses which emerged under given couditions of breeding and raising,As a result,they show scattered distribution and are independent among breeds.