我国水土流失典型区土壤溅蚀特征研究

Splash Erosion by Raindrops in Typical Soil and Water Loss Regions of China

基于室内模拟降雨试验,分析了我国水土流失典型区代表性土样的溅蚀特征,探讨了溅蚀与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明,溅蚀量明显受土壤理化性质的影响,黑土土样因团聚体含量及稳定性高,溅蚀量最低;采自内蒙古自治区东胜市的黄土土样因砂粒含量(易被溅蚀的颗粒范围)高,溅蚀量最高;其它黄土土样、红壤土样及紫色土土样或因粉粒含量为主或因团聚体稳定性差而导致溅蚀量居中。模拟降雨条件下,除黑土土样和内蒙古自治区东胜市的黄土土样外,其它土样均发育表土结皮,导致溅蚀率呈现波动态势。

Based on indoor experiment under simulated rainfall, the characteristics of splash erosion by raindrops in typical soil and water loss regions of China are analyzed and the relationships between splash erosion and soil physical and chemical properties are discussed. Results show that splash erosion amount is affected obviously by soil physical and chemical properties. The splash erosion amount of black soil samples is the lowest because of their high aggregate content and aggregate stability. The splash erosion amount of loess soil samples collected from Dongsheng City, Inner Mongolia is the highest because they contain high content of sand particles easily to be splashed. The other loess soil samples, red soil samples, and purple soil samples correspond to the medium splash erosion amount because of the majority of silt particles or high content of micro-aggregates. Except for black soil sample and loess soil samples collected from Dongsheng City, Inner Mongolia, soil crust L4 developed in other soil samples under simulated rainfall, so, raindrop splash rate fluctuates with time.