沙棘植物对砒砂岩沟道土壤改良效应的研究

Effects of Seabuckthorn Plant on Gully Soil Improvement in Soft Rock Region

基于内蒙古砒砂岩地区准格尔旗东一支沟沙棘植物柔性坝野外水保试验,根据监测的土壤有机质数据,运用比较与统计分析的方法,研究了沙棘植物对沟道土壤的改良效应。结果表明,沙棘植物的存在,极大地提高了沟道土壤肥力,改善了植物群落的生长环境,对于该区生态环境的恢复与重建具有重要意义。沙棘柔性坝所形成的复合地表枯枝落叶层的腐殖质、根系的死亡代谢及分泌物都是沟道土壤有机质的重要来源;沙棘植物柔性坝沟道0—30cm土壤层的有机质含量平均值要高出对比沟1.25倍;东一支沟沙棘柔性坝沟道土壤有机质含量从上游到下游表现出沿程增加的趋势;各典型沙棘柔性坝沿土壤剖面的有机质含量平均值是相应对比沟的约1.8倍;有机质沿土壤剖面的分布对比说明,沙棘植物的存在改变了沟道有机质沿土壤剖面的分布,这种分布有利于沙棘植物及砒砂岩沟道次生植物群落的生长与恢复。

The effects of Seabuckthorn plant on gully soil improvement were studied by measuring soil organic matter data and employing the methods of comparison and statistic analysis. Field soil and water conservation experiment on Seabuckthorn plant flexible dam was conducted in the east-one-branch valley in the representative soft rock region of Zhungeer County, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia. Results showed that gully soil fertility can be markedly boosted and the growth environment of plant community can be strikingly improved by Seabuckthorn plant. The plant is very significant for the restoration and reestablishment of the region＇s eco-environment. Idiographic conclusions are as follows： （1） The important resource of gully soil organic matter is the humus made of the multiple earth surface deadwood and defoliation from Seabuckthorn plant flexible dam and metabolism secretion of Seabuckthorn roots. （2） The mean organic matter in surface soil layer of 0--30 cm in gully with the Seabuckthorn plant flexible dam is 1.25 times over that of contrast gully. （3） The soil organic matter content has an increasing tendency from upstream to downstream in the east-one branch valley with Seabuckthorn flexible dam. （4） The mean soil organic matter content of all typical gullies with Seabuckthorn flexible dam in soil profile direction is about 1.8 times that of contrast gully. （5） The organic matter distribution in the soil profile direction is evidently changed by the growth of Seabuckthorn plant and this distribution can benefit the growth and restoration of Seabuckthorn plant and the attached gully plant community in soft rock region.