中国退耕还林(草)驱动力的多尺度分析

Driving forces of returning cultivated land to forest and grass in China at different scales

退耕还林(草)作为当前生态建设的重要内容,其实质是通过调整土地利用方式,恢复重建地表自然覆盖,建立生态安全条件下的土地利用/覆盖格局。研究不同尺度下退耕还林(草)的驱动力,可以为构造典型区域土地可持续利用结构与优化模式提供依据。该文从国家-省区-县域-农户尺度上分析了中国退耕还林(草)的驱动力,国家尺度上驱动力是生态环境安全、粮食结构调整和西部大开发,以生态安全为主;省区驱动力分为产业结构调整、水源地保护、防洪、保护三峡工程、减少入黄泥沙和防治风蚀沙化6种类型,经济状况居于主导地位;县域驱动力归纳为12种类型,以产业结构调整、发展主导产业、增加农民收入和改善农业生产条件为主;农户的退耕还林(草)是国家政策满足农户需求,个体利益最佳化为主要驱动力。

Returning Cultivated Land to Forest and Grass is the important content of ecological construction and its essential is to adjust the land use mode,reconstruct the natural land cover and establish the land use/cover pattern in ecological environment security level.Driving force analysis of reducing cultivated land to forest and grass at different scales can support further research on constructing regional sustainable land use structure and optimization pattern.At national scale,driving forces mainly include ecological environment security,food structure adjustment and China＇s western development.At provincial and county scales,there are six types and twelve types respectively based on complex natural and socio-economical conditions.Individual benefit optimization is the driving force at farm household scale.