克里雅绿洲土壤盐分分异特征分析

Analysis of soil salinization characteristics in Keriya Oasis

土壤盐渍化是目前世界农业面临的主要环境问题之一。克里雅绿洲土壤盐渍化日趋严重,直接影响当地农业发展和生态环境建设。借助统计软件,运用统计特征值等方法,探讨了克里雅绿洲土壤含盐量、盐分化学组成及其不同时期的变化情况。结果发现:盐渍地土壤的含盐量普遍高于农田土壤;盐渍地土壤平均pH为9.965,呈强碱性;农田土壤平均pH为8.340,呈碱性。盐渍地土壤盐分组成主要为CI-,CO23-和K++Na+为主;农田土壤盐分组成主要为Ca2+,Mg2+,SO42-和K++Na+。相对于盐渍地而言,农田土壤中CI-,CO32-含量明显降低,其次为K++Na+;Ca2+和Mg2+含量明显增加。盐渍地土壤总含盐量从7月到9月一直处于累积状态;农田土壤总含盐量却处于不同的状态。0cm,40cm,60cm等土层中的总含盐量处于脱盐状态;而20cm,80cm,100cm等土层中的总含盐量处于积盐状态。从7月到9月,不同土壤层次中的各盐离子也处于不同的状态。

Soil salinization is a main environmental problem for agriculture.It ia also a serious problem in Keriya oasis,and threaten the agricultural development and the ecological environment.By means of statistical software and the statistical characteristic values,the soil salt content,the chemical content of the soil salt and its change in different periods in Keriya oasis were analyzed.Results showed that soil salinity is greater in salinized land than in farmland;in salinized land the average soil pH value is 9.965,belongs to strong alkali soil;in farmland the average soil pH value is 8.340,belongs to alkali soil;the soil salt in salinized land consists of CI-,CO2-3 and K＋＋Na＋;in farmland it consists of Ca2＋,Mg2＋,SO2-4 and K＋＋Na＋.Compared with in salinized land,in farmland,contents of CI-,CO2-3 reduce rapidly,secondly the contents of K＋＋Na＋;contents of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ increase;in salinized land total salt content increase as a whole from June to September;but in the farmland it changes differently in different soil levels.For example,it decreases in 0cm,40cm,60cm,and increases in 20cm,80cm,100cm.From June to September,each salt ion also changes differently in different soil levels.