冬枣锈病发生与叶龄及其解剖结构关系的研究

Correlation of Rust Occurrence to Leaf Age and Leaf Anatomical Structure in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv.‘Dongzao’

为探讨冬枣叶龄、叶片解剖结构与锈病侵染和发病程度的关系,对冬枣3种不同叶龄的叶片进行锈病接种试验,并对叶片组织解剖结构进行了测定。结果表明:3种叶龄叶片感病程度由低到高依次为:成熟叶<长成叶<嫩叶,由此可见,成熟叶对锈病的抵抗力最强;3种叶龄叶解剖性状在角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度、气孔密度和气孔大小等指标有显著差异,但气孔开张结构性状差异不显著。文章筛选出了与冬枣锈病发生有关的叶片形态结构指标,为合理的控制冬枣锈病和筛选抗锈病冬枣优良单株的提供了理论依据。

In order to identify the correlation of rust infection and disease level to the leaf age and the leaf anatomic structure in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. ＇ Dongzao＇, rust inoculation experiment was conducted with three different-aged leaves, and the anatomic properties of the leaves were observed. The results showed that rust infected leaves more easily which were young, i.e., the degree of infection took on the descending order of young leaves, fully-grown leaves, and mature leaves. In other words, mature leaves had the strongest resistance to rust. Anatomical study revealed structure differences with the leaf age, including the thickness of the cutin layer, the thickness of the upper epidermis and lower epidermis, the thickness of the leaf blade, the thickness of the palisade tissue, the thickness of the spongy tissue, the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, the tightness of leaf tissue structure, the porosity of leaf tissue structure, the stoma density, and the stoma size. However, the stoma elongation was not significantly different. The leaf morphological structure was correlated with jujube rust occurrence, and can be used as indicators for the control of jujube rust and for selecting rust-resistant plus trees in jujube ＇ Dongzao＇.