清代敦煌渠道修建与管理研究

Research on Dunhuang's Channels Construction and Management in the Qing Dynasty

敦煌位于西北干旱地区,是沙漠边缘的一片绿洲,降雨稀少,其农业生产对境内唯一一条河流党河依赖较大。有清一代是敦煌地区主要发展时期,从边防重镇发展成农业聚居区,灌溉渠道的修建与管理是促进敦煌地区农业发展的重要因素。渠道的修建之初为巩固边防与移民屯垦的需要,随着人口的增长,渠道的分布向城外拓展并形成今日敦煌地区渠道分布的大致格局。探讨清代敦煌农业渠道的修建与管理,对今天敦煌地区农业水利科学开发具有历史借鉴意义。

Dunhuang, which is an oasis in the edge of the desert, is located in the northwest region. Becaause of little rainfall, the agriculture of Dunhuang depends on the Danghe River, the only river in this area. Qing dynasty is an important period for Dunhuang~ s development from the border town area to agricultural zone and the construction and management of irrigation channels is an important factor to the local agricultural improvement. At the beginning, the construction of channels is for consolidating frontier defense and settlement needs of immigrants. As the population being grown, the distribution pattern of channels expanded outside and formed the general distribution pattern of channels in Dunhuang region today. Discussing Dunhuang agricultural channels＇ management and construction in the Qing dynasty will help us get some historical references for scientific development of agricultural water conservation in Dunhuang region today.