树形改造对苹果产量和品质的影响

Effect of tree form transforming on the output and quality of apple tree

为解决乔化密植苹果园树冠郁闭、光照差、产量低、品质差的问题,于2000—2003年在商丘市张集镇对定植的乔化红富士苹果进行树形改造试验,将小冠疏层形逐年改造成自由纺锤形。经过3年的改造,主枝数由7～8个增加至8～10个,第1层和第2层的层间距由60～80cm减少至50～60cm,主枝角度由60°～70°增加至80°～90°。树形改造后改善了苹果树光照条件,提高了叶片质量,促进了内膛枝花芽的形成,苹果增产25%,优质果率增加44%。

In order to solve the problem of arbor apple grove thick plant＇s close crown of the grove, poor illumination, low output, poor quality, we took the test of transforming the Fuji apple in Zhangji County Shangqiu City, changed the small-brown- sparse-branches tree form into freedom-spindle tree form. Three years later, the number of main branches changed from 7-8 to 8-10, the distance between the first layer and the second layer decreased from 60-80 cm to 50-60 era, the main branches＇ angle increased from 60°-70° to 80°-90°. The illumination condition had been improved after being transformed,and that had increase the leaves＇ quality and accelerate the information of the flowering wood in inner hall. The output had ineeased by 25%, and the rate of excellent fruit had inceased by 44%.