不确定的根基——关于杜威《哲学的改造·哲学的在变化中的概念》的部分理解

Uncertain foundation——Understanding of Changing Conceptions of Philosophy

杜威在《哲学的改造.哲学的在变化中的概念》中认为,意识起源于人们的感情和兴趣,它不是客观实用的经验总结,而是主观有效的自娱结果。感情,尤其是情绪上的偏好,对意识的形成具有决定性的作用。从本源上讲,思维的根本目的是为了消磨时光,为枯燥有限的人生添加乐趣和意义。然而,意识有能力将无数的主观倾向在功利目标的引导下聚集成强有力的社会力量,而这一切又是以强化人类自我意识的中心地位为开端的。

Dewey views feelings and interestes as the origin of consciousness, which is but a result of subjective and effective self-entertainment, rather than the effect of experiences. Feeling, especially emotional preference plays a decisive role in formation of consciousness. The fundamental purpose of thinking is idling,adding fun and meaning to the dull and limited life. However,consciousness has the ability to aggregate subjective tendency into a powerful social force under the guidance of utilitarian destination. All this begins with strengthening of the central position of human self-consciousness.