内蒙古金斯太洞穴遗址发掘简报

A Preliminary Study on the Excavation of the Jinsitai Cave Site

2000—2001年间,金斯太洞穴遗址先后经历了两次发掘,面积约80m2,发掘出土石制品4000余件和大量动物化石。洞穴地层堆积厚达6m以上,可划分为8层。第3层以下为旧石器时代文化堆积,可分为上、中、下三个文化层。遗址经过14C测年,旧石器层位年代为距今3.6万年至1.8万左右,处于旧石器时代中晚期过渡至晚期之末。通过对石、骨制品和部分动物化石的分析可知,这是一处以旧石器遗存为主,兼有全新世遗存的洞穴遗址。遗址石器工业整体上属于小石器工业,中文化层阶段出现了勒瓦娄哇技术,上文化层阶段出现了细石叶工业,并占主体地位,与小石器工业并行发展。该遗址的发掘为探索北方主工业的分布范围和文化内涵提供了新的材料,对于探讨旧石器时代的文化交流以及细石叶工业的产生具有重要的意义。

The Jinsitai Cave site （45°13′ N, 115°22′ E） is situated at Dong Wuzhumuqin County, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. It was discovered in 2000 and excavated in 2000 and 2001. The deposit inside the cave consists of 8 layers. Layers 1-2 are Holocene deposits. Layers 3- 8 are Pleistocene units, which can be delaminated into three cultural layers： the lower cultural layer（layers 7-8）, the middle cultural layer（ layers 5-6） and the upper cultural layer（ layers 3- 4）. The materials reported in the paper all came from layers 3-8. More than 4000 stone artifacts, some bone artifacts and many vertebrate fossils were found in the deposits. Chronological data （14C） shows that these strata date between 36-18ka BP. This site should be a living place and a spot for producing stone artifacts, occupied by human being for a long time. According to the characteristics of these artifacts, the Jinsitai Cave site can be attributed to the main industry of Paleolithic tradition in North China. Three cultural layers come down in one continuous line. The Lower cultural stratum is dominated by the Small Tool Industry. A lot of cobble tools and Levallois tools are found in the Middle cultural stratum. The Mieroblade Industry in Upper cuhural stratum is superior to the Small Tool Industry, according to the tool types, retouched technique and selected raw materials. Two Tool Industries are developed together. This site provides new data for studying distributing range and cultural connotation of the main industry; it has important significance for discussing intercommunion of Paleolithic cultures and appearance of the Microblade Industry.