375例早产儿中早产儿视网膜病变的患病状况

Prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity in 375 cases of preterm infants

目的了解厦门地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的患病情况。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象2004-2008年厦门市第一医院入院筛查的375例出生体重≤2500g,或胎龄≤32周的早产儿。方法用双目间接眼底镜进行眼底检查,明确是否有ROP及其分期,统计不同出生体重、不同胎龄患儿的ROP患病率。主要指标ROP患病率。结果375例早产儿发现有ROP者41例,患病率10.93%;其中ROP1期9例,2期14例,2期+10例,3期+7例,急性进展性后部ROP1例。出生体重≤1000g、1001～1500g、1501～2000g的早产儿ROP患病率分别为45.00%、17.07%、7.01%;出生胎龄≤28周、29～30周、31～32周、33～34周的患病率分别为34.48%、12.07%、12.71%、8.25%。结论出生体重≤2000g、胎龄≤34周ROP患病风险高,早期进行ROP的筛查是防治ROP的关键所在。

Objective To study the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity （ROP） in pretenn infants in Xiamen, Fujian. Design Retrospective case series. Participants From Oct. 2004 to Dee. 2008, 375 infants with birth weights ≤2500g or gestational age ≤ 32w were screened in Xiamen the First Hospital. Methods Initial examinations with the binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and the seleral depression began at 4-6 weeks after birth or at 32 weeks postconception. All infants were followed-up until a stable retinal situation was reached. Main Outcome Measures The prevalence of ROP. Results Retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 10.93% of 375 neonates, including 18 eyes of stage 1, 48 eyes in stage 2, 14 eyes in stage 3, 2 eyes in AP-ROP. The prevalence of ROP in the infants with the birth weight ≤ 1000g, 1001-1500g and 1501-2000g was 45%, 17.07%, 7.01%, respectively; the occurrence rate of ROP in the infants with the gestational age ≤28 weeks, 29-30 weeks, 31-32 weeks, 33-34 weeks was 34.48%, 2.07%, 12.71%, 8.25%, respectively. Conclusions Earlier screening for ROP is very important. Low birth weight and young gestational age are the most important risk factors in the development of ROP.