从解放到放纵:资本主义精神的世俗之旅——重读马克思·韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》

From Liberation to Indulgence:A secular Tour of the Spirit of Capitalism——Re-reading Max Weber's Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

从韦伯的《新教伦理与资本主义精神》可以看出,韦伯定义的资本主义精神,是以禁欲和理性化为内在特点,以无限制赚取利润为目的的一种普遍社会伦理。它起源于宗教救赎目的下的"非理性地将自我投身于职业劳动",并对其劳动成果加以"理性算计"的职业伦理思想。资本主义精神的世俗化进程体现出接受工具理性、背离禁欲的生活方式以及个人主义兴起三个特点,由此既导致了物质救赎主义与享乐主义盛行和人类灵魂放逐的局面,也呼唤着一种新的人文精神。

In Weber＇ s book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, it could be found his definition of ＂ the spirit of capitalism＂ is based on abstinence, rationality and unlimited profit-hungriness--a universal social ethics, which originated from the religious redemption of ＂irrationally engaged in professional work＂, and ＂rational calculation of their labor＂. The secular spirit of capitalism, characterized by its of acceptance of instrumental rationality, deviation from the ascetic way of life, and the rise of individualism, led to not only the materialism, hedonism and the human soul in exile, but also the call for a new humanistic spirit.