异辛酸稀土型柴油清净剂的合成和应用研究

Synthesis and Application of Rare Earth Iso-octoate Diesel Detergent

对异辛酸镧的合成工艺进行了系统的研究,研究表明异辛酸镧的最佳合成条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间20 min,皂化率为80%,在此条件下稀土的转化率可达99.98%。通过模拟台架试验和柴油发动机尾气排放试验,考察了其对柴油发动机各部件沉积物的清净效果和改善柴油发动机有害排放情况。模拟台架试验表明,在柴油中添加300×10-4%异辛酸镧清净剂后,柴油发动机低温部件积炭的产生量降低74.8%,同时形成一种彩色膜,可有效阻止沉积物的生成;柴油发动机尾气排放试验表明它可将尾气中CO的排放量降低49.4%,同时NOx的排放量也降低34.2%。

The synthesis of lanthanum iso-octoate was studied in this paper. The highest conversion of lanthanum （99.98%） was obtained under the optimized synthetic conditions with aeronautic coal oil as the solvent, reacting at 80 ℃ for 20 min and the saponification rate of 80%. According to the results of simulating bench tests and automobile exhaust tests, the effect of lanthanum iso-octoate on cleaning the deposited carbon on main parts of engine and harmful pollutants were studied. It was found that the deposited carbons could be considerably reduced by 74. 8% when 300 ppm of lanthanum iso-octoate was added into diesel. Meanwhile, a colorful film was formed on the surface. The automobile exhaust tests showed that, by adding lanthanum iso-octoate, the CO and NOx emissions were decreased by 49.4% and 34.2%, respectively.