错误结果反馈对追踪任务学习迁移的影响

Effect of Erroneous Knowledge of Results on Tracking of Task Learning Transfer

采用电脑追踪任务探讨错误结果反馈(KR)对运动技能学习迁移的影响。抽取在校大学生,随机分为正确KR组、错误KR组、混合KR组(组间性别均衡设计)。在第1-3 d,3组受试者练习时分别获得正确的KR、错误的KR,或者获得25次正确KR后,再获得25次错误KR。正确的KR是每次追踪误差的毫秒数,错误的KR则是正确KR数值+10 mm。在第4 d,3组受试者分别在无KR的条件下,用原任务进行保持测试10次,之后再操作两个迁移任务各10次。显示:KR在一致性时机任务和电脑追踪任务中的作用机理类似,当可以获得KR时,学习者将它作为觉察和纠正操作错误的信息源;错误KR会带来迁移测试绩效的偏差。提示:学习者形成自身觉察错误能力是运动技能学习的关键,实践工作者应根据运动情境的特点,合理地提供结果反馈,以促进运动技能的学习。

Using computer to track tasks, the present study investigated the effect of erroneous knowledge of results （KR） on motor learning transfer. Select undergraduate students and randomly put then into three different groups, namely, the correct KR, erroneous KR and mixed KR group （each group is designed as gender balanced）. During three days of acquisition, the three groups respectively received correct KR, erroneous KR and first 25 trials of correct KR followed by 23 trials of erroneous KR, where correct KR was the tracking error in milliseconds, and erroneous KR was the actual tracking error ＋ 10 mm. On the fourth day, the three groups of subjects were administered respectively 10 trails of retention tests in their former tasks in absence of KR, and then performed 10 trials of each of the two transfer tasks. The results revealed that the functioning mechanism of KR was similar in both conformity timing tasks and computer tracking tasks： once received KR, performers would detect and correct the errors according to the KR information; the erroneous KR could result in the deviation in transfer test performance. These findings indicate that the subjective error- detection capabilities are critical for motor learning. Accordingly, the practicer should aptly provide KR according to the actual locomotion situation to enhance motor learning.