北京市农业水资源供需状况及优化利用研究

Research on Agricultural Water Resource Balance and its Optimal Utilization in Beijing

北京市属于资源型缺水城市,农业用水量占据城市总用水量的大部分,如何提升区域农业水资源的利用效率,保证区域农业用水平衡,是实现北京建设节水型城市的研究重点。通过统计资料分析、田间作物与水关系定位试验、构建作物综合效益评定模型等方法,研究了北京市农业水资源当前供需平衡状况、主要农作物耗水与灌水指标变化,并对当前种植业结构进行了调整,实现了在节水条件下的种植业经济效益最大化,并对北京发展节水农业提出了政策建议。

Beijing is one of the water resource shortage cities in China. Water consumption t＇or agriculture accounts for most of the to- tal water consumption in Beijing. How to improve the regional agricultural water use efficiency and to ensure agricultural water bal- ance is an important issue for the building of water-saving city. In this paper, the main indicators of changes in crop water require- ments and irrigation water demands are investigated according to the statistical data analysis, field experiment and the evaluation model, the balance of supply and demand of agricultural water resources for Beijing. Planting structure adjustment aimed at saving water is put forwards. Also, the policy recommendations are made to develop water-saving agriculture in Beijing.