不同株型芝麻种质湿害后产量性状研究及耐湿性评价

Evaluation of Yield Characteristics and Waterlogging Tolerance of Sesame Germplasm with Different Plant Types after Waterlogging

于盛花期对66份种质进行湿害处理,结果表明:湿害对单秆型和分枝型种质的产量性状影响差异明显,对单秆型芝麻产量性状的影响(湿害指数值)大小依次为单株种子干重(69.18%)>蒴果数(67.48%)>有效果节数(49.10%)>有效果轴长度(45.69%)>株高(16.40%),对分枝性芝麻的影响依次为分枝有效果节数(65.96%)>分枝蒴果数(64.73%)>总蒴果数(52.01%)>单株种子干重(49.92%)>主茎蒴果数(41.66%)>主茎有效果轴长度(37.57%)>有效分枝数(34.21%)>主茎有效果节数(20.12%)>株高(15.43%);湿害对三蒴型芝麻的侧位蒴果影响较大,对单秆三蒴型芝麻的影响为侧位蒴果数(92.25%)>中位蒴果数(50.25%),对分枝三蒴型芝麻的影响为分枝侧位蒴果数(92.86%)>主茎侧位蒴果数(69.14%)>分枝中位蒴果数(44.17%)>主茎中位蒴果数(32.97%)。根据相对湿害产量可以将供试种质聚为耐湿与不耐湿二大类,不耐湿类型种质61份,占92.42%;耐湿类型种质5份,占7.58%,为竹山白芝麻、西平二郎花、阜南芝麻、嘉兴紧口黑和麻城黑芝麻,可作为耐湿种质加以利用。

Sixty-six accessions sesame germplasm were treated by waterlogging at full flowering stage, and the results showed that there were obvious difference in yield characteristics of monaxial and ramification sesame germplasm ：The waterlogging index of seed weight per plant（69. 18% ） 〉 capsules per plant（67.48% ） 〉 capsule nodes per plant（49.10% ） 〉 length of capsule axis（45.69% ） 〉 height per plant（ 16.40% ） in monaxial germplasm and that of branch capsule nodes per plant（65.96% ） 〉 branch capsules per plant（64.73% ） 〉 total of capsules（52.01% ） 〉 seed weight per plant（49.92% ） 〉 main axis capsules per plant（41.66% ） 〉 length of main axis capsule axis per plant（37.57% ） 〉 branches per plant（34.21% ） 〉 main axis capsule nodes per plant（ 20.12 % ） 〉 height per plant（ 15.43 % ）in ramification germplasm. Monaxial tricapsular germplasm treated by waterlogging showed waterlogging index of numbers of side capsule（92.25% ） 〉 numbers of middle capsule （50.25%） , and ramification tricapsular germplasm with waterlogging showed waterlogging index of numbers of branch side capsule per plant（92.86% ） 〉 numbers of main axis side capsule per plant（69. 14% ） 〉 numbers of branch middle capsule per plant（44.17% ） 〉 numbers of main axis middle capsule per plant（32.97% ）. According to clustering analysis on relative yield after waterlogging, these germplasm could be classified into waterlogging tolerance and non waterlogging tolerance type,61 accesions belonged to non waterlogging tolerance type, accounting for 92.42% ,the other 5 accesions with waterlogging tolerance were worth to be utilized,which were Zhushanbaizhima, Xipingerlanghua, Funanzhima, Jiaxingjinkouhei and Machengheizhima, respectively, with the ratio of 7.58%.