压疮高危患者临床特征及危险因素分析

The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of High-risk Pressure Sore Patients

目的分析压疮高危患者的临床特征、管理现状及高危患者压疮发生的影响因素,探讨切实的压疮预防对策。方法采用压疮危险因素评估表筛选压疮高危患者,并对其临床特征、压疮发生的危险因素和管理现状进行分析。结果2007年3—12月共有315例压疮高危患者,以ICU分布最多,占32.4%,其次为神经外科,占18.74%;初评分(16.91±2.29)分;压疮高危期持续时间(13.00±18.00)d;315例压疮高危患者中共发生压疮19例。高危期持续时间是高危患者发生压疮的危险因素,意识清醒、扶助行走、体温正常和压疮终评分是发生压疮的保护因素。压疮高危患者管理中仍存在忽视高危患者家属教育及预防措施落实、记录不全等问题。结论重视ICU等压疮高危高发科室和压疮高危持续期长患者的管理,根据压疮发生的危险因素科学定义难免压疮,建立护理会诊制度和压疮护理指南等规范压疮高危患者的过程管理,可有效预防和减少压疮的发生。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of high-risk pressure sore patients so as to explore the preventive measures of pressure sores. Methods The Risk Assessment Scale was used to select high risk pressure sore patients, with their clinical characteristics, risk factors and the management were analyzed. Results 315 high risk pressure sore patients were selected from March to December 2007, 32.4% of them from ICU, followed by department of neurosurgery （18.74%）. The score for preliminary assessment was （16.91±2.29）, the continued high risk period was （13.00±18.00）d. Of the 315 high risk pressure sore patients, 19 cases of pressure sore developed. The risk factor included the continued high risk duration, and the protective factors were consciousness, walking with help, normal body temperature, and final assessment score. The problems in the management of pressure sore existed in ignorance of education for their relatives and incomplete record. Conclusion Attaching importance to the management of high risk pressure sore patients in the departments like ICU, scientific definition based on risk factors of bedsore and establishment of nursing consultation and pressure sore nursing guideline can be effective to prevent or reduce the incidence of pressure sore.