武汉地区慢性荨麻疹变应原检测及脱敏疗效观察

Allergen detection of chronic urticaria and analysis of desensitization treatment in Wuhan Area

目的:调查武汉地区慢性荨麻疹病人主要吸入和食物性变应原种类及其脱敏治疗的效果。方法:对150例慢性荨麻疹患者进行吸入物变应原及食物变应原皮试,并随机选择50例吸入组变应原检测阳性者进行常规脱敏治疗。结果:吸入组变应原中阳性率排在前三位的是蚊子(71.3%)、豚草(61.3%)和尘螨(55.3%);食物组变应原中阳性率排在前三位的是芝麻(81.3%)、虾(68.7%)和黄豆(52.0%)。脱敏治疗总有效率为76%。结论:排除了明确诱因和原因的这部分慢性荨麻疹患者,过敏因素是其发病的主要原因。空气中蚊子、豚草和尘螨以及食物中的芝麻、虾和黄豆是武汉地区慢性荨麻疹病人最主要的常见变应原;对于单纯食物过敏者采用避免食用该食物,对于吸入组变应原检测阳性者,特异性脱敏治疗是一种行之有效的方法,值得推荐。

Objectives： To investigate the main allergens of chronic urticaria and its desensitization treatment efficacy in Wuhan Area. Methods： 150 patients participated skin tests of aeroallergens and food allergens, which 50 patients among them who were positive to aeroallergens were received specific immune desensitization treatment. Results： In the group of aeroallergens, the most high positive ratios were mosquito （ 71.3 % ）, ragweed （61.3 % ） and dust mite （55.3 % ） in order, while sesame, shrimp and soybean were the most high positive ratios of food allergens. in the group of allergic to aeroallergens, total effective ratio of desensitization treatment was 76%. Conclusions：Mosquito, ragweed, dust mite are the most important three aeroallergens, While sesame, shrimp and soybean are the most important three food allergens in Wuhan area. The efficacy of specific desensitization treatment was satisfying for those chronic urticaria patients who are allergic to aeroallergens and have no other obvious etiological factors.