临床医师应提高对立克次体病的认识

Improving clinicians' understanding of rickettsioses

立克次体病在历史上曾给人类健康造成严重威胁。近年来,新发立克次体病已成为世界性关注的疾病。我国既面临传统立克次体病的威胁,又面临新发立克次体病的挑战,而临床医师对该组疾病的认识尚不充分,误诊率较高。本文复习近年国内外关于立克次体病的文献,介绍立克次体目的最新分类和命名,总结常见和新发立克次体病的临床特点、血清学和病原学等实验室检查、误诊原因和防范措施等。希望能提高临床医师的认识,做到早期诊断,减少误诊,改善预后。

Rickettsioses severely threatened human health in history. Recently, the emerging rickettsioses have become the health concern worldwide. China is not only faced with the threat of the traditional rickettsioses, but also confronted with the challenge of the emerging rickettsioses. Moreover, clinicians＇ lack of the relevant knowledge of these diseases results in higher rate of misdiagnosis. In order to improve clinicians＇ understanding of rickettsioses to achieve earlier diagnosis, reduced misdiagnosis and improved prognosis, this article reviews the references published recently to introduce the newest classification and denomination of Rickettsiales, summarize the clinical features of the traditional and emerging rickettsioses and the methods of serological and pathogenic examination, analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and put forward the preventive measures.