中国传统乡村社会士绅权威地位的多元来源——以义和团前后华北乡村地方政治为主要事例

Diversified Sources of Authoritative Positions of Gentries in Traditional Rural Society of China-on Local Politics in Rural Areas of Northern China before and after the Boxer Movement

士绅阶层在中国传统乡村社会扮演着多重的社会角色,这反映出士绅权威来源的多元性。国家制度赋予的政治身份,是士绅阶层的标志性身份,也是士绅权威区别于其他乡村权威的权威来源。在乡村社会自生秩序中,士绅权威的性质,是以传统习俗和道德为依归的传统型权威,宗族和地方社会的关系网络,是他们在乡村社会中获得权威地位的又一来源。士绅自觉的阶层意识和乡村霸权地位,也是士绅能够取得高于其他乡村权威地位的重要的文化和象征资本。此外,权威身份真正的获得,也与个体士绅运用各类权威资本的能力密不可分。

This paper discusses diversified sources of the authoritative status of the gentry classes:first,the country endows them with political status; second,the gentry authorities own the social relationship network of rural clan force and local society; third,the gentry authorities are aware of their class and supremacy in the country; fourth,the acquisition of their authoritative status has much to do with their capacity in using the special status.