元代太医院使群体特点研究

A Study on the Group Traits of the Chief Imperial Doctors throughout Yuan Dynasty

元代太医院是总全国医事管理的最高行政机构,其最高行政长官为"太医院使",也称"太医院大使"或"太医院院使"。他们作为元代医政的最高管理者,直接参与相关医药管理制度的制定与执行,在元代医政管理中起着非常重要的作用。但与历代主持医事管理的官员相比,元代太医院使数量之大,政治地位之高都远远超过历代,他们作为一个特殊的群体在备受蒙古大汗们欣赏和宠信的同时形成了许多群体特点。而以往学者对此内容研究甚少。笔者不揣谫陋,略抒管见如此,不当之处,敬祈方家教正。

Imperial Academy of Medicine of Yuan Dynasty was the highest executive organ of national medical affairs management. Its supreme chief executive was officially named ＂The Chief Imperial Doctor＂, or in other terms ＂The Ambassador of Imperial Academy of Medicine＂ and ＂The Chief hnperial Doctor of Imperial Academy of Medicine. ＂ As the supreme chief executives of medical affairs in different periods of Yuan Dynasty, they were directly involved in the institution and implementation of relevant medical management regulations, and played an important role in the medical affairs management throughout Yuan Dynasty. But compared with those who were also in charge with medical affairs in other Chinese feudal dynasties, these officials in Yuan Dynasty were a much larger group in population and enjoyed a much higher political status. Being a special group, they were appreciated and trusted by the khans of Mongol Empire, successive emperors of Yuan Dynasty. Meanwhile, they came to formulate traits unique to themselves. So far, there have been few studies on this subject, so the writer of this paper just tries to do a little research on it, and any comment or verification is welcome.