从“师夷长技”到“通经致用”:近代中美职业教育交流的历史审视

Learning from the foreign and mutual learning——Contemporary China-US vocational education exchanges

中国近代职业教育,是在借鉴、依附西方职业教育的基础上发展起来的,其中中美职业教育的交流与合作发挥了重要的作用。近代伊始,中美职业教育交流主要体现在美国传教士来华和清政府做出派遣留学生赴美的尝试;辛亥革命期间,体现在中美教育学者的互访以及学制的借鉴;随后,中美职业教育交流范围不断扩大,内容方面涉及职业指导、农村职业教育等,人员方面涉及政府官员、教育家及民间组织。

Chinese voeational edueation begins by learning the experienees from western countries. American missionaries come to China to initiate the personnel exchanges between the two countries. Revolution of 1911 sees educational exchange of visits by scholars. Likewise, the United States expands the scope of vocational education, and communications in terms of career guidance, rural education, involved government officials, educa- tors and civil society organizations.