新时期文学批评中语言观念的变革及意义

The Reform and Significance of Language Concept in New Era Literary Criticism

20世纪80年代以来,在西方"语言论转向"的背景下,新时期文学批评开始了语言观念的变革,其核心内容是从"工具论"向"本体论"的转变。有三个比较集中的问题:语言在文学中的功能与地位;语言的及物还是不及物;语言作为系统对言说的影响。新时期文学批评中语言观念的变革不仅改变了人们对语言的认识,也深层次地改变了人们对文学的认识。我们今天文学批评中的很多话题都可以在这个变革中找到源头,它在众多话语中扮演了"元话语"的角色。在某种意义上说,语言观念的变革改变了新时期文学与批评的方向,将其引领到了一个新的天地。

Since the 80＇s of the 20th century,in the context of ＂the Linguistic Turn＂ in western countries, literary criticism in the new era started the reform of language concept, whose core content is change from the ＂Instrumentalism＂ to ＂Ontology＂, There are three more concentrated questions： the functions and status of language in literature; language is transitivity or intransitive; the impact of language as a system. The reform of language concept in new era literary criticism did not only change people＇s understanding of language, but also changed people＇s understanding of literature. Many topics today in literary criticism can find the source in this transformation, which played a ＂meta--discourse＂ role in many discourses. In a sense, the reform of language concept has changed the direction of literature and criticism in the new era, and leaded it into a new world.