契约概念辨难

Dilemma of the Contract Conception

契约外延极为广泛而绝不仅仅具有法律上的意义:契约乃是人们对于一切利益的付出与索取以及义务与权利之作为与不作为所达成的同意,乃是人们就一切利益交换关系所达成的同意。因此,契约的构成要素有三。其一,交换的主体:契约不是单方的行为,而必定是双方或多方行为;否则显然无所谓交换,无所谓契约。其二,交换物:契约必有相互交换的东西、交换物,否则便无所谓交换,无所谓契约。交换物或交换的东西,就是所谓的"约因"或"对价"。其三,交换的根本条件:双方或多方的同意。只有双方或多方同意,才可能进行交换,才会有契约;没有双方或多方同意,不可能进行交换,不可能存在契约。

Contract extension is extremely broad and not merely with legal significance： The contract is an agreement people＇ reached by doing or not doing with their interests and pay, rights and obligations, an agreement people reached by relation with regard to all benefit exchanges.