湖北省城乡妇女产褥期膳食营养状况追踪调查

A follow-up survey on dietary and nutritional status of women during puerperium in Hubei

目的:调查研究妇女产褥期膳食营养状况,为采取相应改进措施打下基础。方法:选择湖北省城乡地区302名孕晚期妇女作为研究对象,对产妇进行跟踪随访调查。结果:城乡对象产褥期粮谷类、肉禽鱼蛋类摄取丰富,但果蔬类、奶类偏少。分娩4周后,肉禽鱼蛋类摄入呈降低趋势,表现出将大量动物性食物集中在月子里消费的习惯。农村对象粮谷类、肉禽鱼蛋类和蔬菜类的摄入量显著高于城市对象,而后者奶类、水果类摄入高于前者。城市对象产褥期能量、蛋白质摄入充足,但维生素C、钙的平均摄取量仅占RNI的37.18%和37.54%。农村对象维生素C摄取量接近RNI水平,但能量和蛋白质摄入大大超过RNI值。城乡对象血清锌、血清钙水平低于正常的比例较高,而维生素A缺乏的较少。结论:应有针对性地对城乡妇女产褥期的食物量和膳食结构进行适当调整,以保证产褥期的营养均衡。

Objective：To investigate the dietary and nutritional status of women during puerperium,and provide certain references for taking corresponding improving measures.Methods：A follow-up investigation was conducted in the selected urban and rural areas in Hubei province.302 pregnant women during the third trimester were selected as the participants.Results：The intakes of cereal,meat,poultry,fish and eggs were abundant,but the intakes of vegetables and milks were not enough.It was a habit of puerperal women that large numbers of animal foods were consumed during the first four weeks after delivery;the intakes of meat,poultry,fish and eggs increased obviously in these days.Compared with the urban group,the intakes of cereal,meat,poultry,fish and eggs in the rural group were significantly higher,while the intakes of fruit and milk were lower.Moreover,energy and protein were ingested enough by the urban participants,while the average intakes of vitamin C and calcium accounted for only 37.18% and 37.54% of RNI,respectively.In rural areas,the intake of vitamin C was close to RNI,but the intakes of energy and protein were more than RNI.A high percentage of participants was found to have lower concentrations of zinc and calcium in serum compared to the normal.However,vitamin A deficiency was scarcely observed.Conclusion：Based on the survey,food quantity and diet structure of women during puerperium should be pertinently adjusted to ensure their nutrition balance.