尘螨与过敏性疾病的关系

The relationship between dust mites and allergic diseases

目的进一步调查徐州市区人群尘螨感染情况,了解尘螨的生物学特性及其与临床过敏性疾病的关系,为管理部门制定决策及公众采取预防措施提供依据。方法采用尘螨变应原皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT),并以组胺当量标准检测健康人群及临床过敏患者的阳性率;检测居民室内尘螨并计数。结果检测在校大、中、小学生和幼儿307人,阳性50人(16.3%);临床过敏患者997例,阳性713例(71.5%)。健康人群与患者组内各年龄段之间SPT阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但各组女性SPT阳性率均高于男性(P<0.05);检测居民卧室30户,螨检阳性23户(76.7%)。结论徐州市区居民室内尘螨孳生多见,易引起过敏,患者四季均可发病。加强居室环境螨类控制,是减轻螨病症状和减少过敏发作的重要预防措施。

Objective To further investigate the prevalence of dust mite infection in Xuzhou urban population and to explore the biological characteristics of dust mites as well as their relationship with clinical anaphylaxis,so as to provide basis for the administrative decisions and public prophylactic measures.Methods Skin prick test（SPT） with Dermatophagoides farinae（Df） allergen extract was performed to detect the prevalence of mite sensitivity in healthy population as well as OPD patients with clinical anaphylaxis,using histamine equivalent criteria.Household dust mite detection was conducted for sample counting and species identification.Results Of the 307 healthy people（students and pupils of different age groups and different levels of school）,50（16.3%） showed positive reaction to the mite allergen.Of the 997 patients with clinical anaphylaxis,713（71.5%） cases were confirmed as positive.There were no significant statistical differences in SPT positive rate between age groups（P0.05）,while the positive rate in females of all age groups was higher than that in males（P0.05）.Of the 30 residential bedrooms detected,23（76.7%） rooms were positive for mites.Conclusion The household breeding of dust mites is common in the urban areas of Xuzhou,which attributes to the high prevalence of anaphylaxis all the year round.The emphasis of mite control indoors is the key precaution of relieving mite allergy symptoms and reducing the onset of allergies.