旱地马铃薯免耕覆盖摆种的产量表现及其对土壤水分和养分的影响

The yield performance of nonirrigated potato by no-tillage with mulch and lying seed potato and its effect on soil water and nutrient

设计实施了黄土高原西部旱农区马铃薯传统耕作和5种免耕覆盖耕作措施的大田对比试验,对不同耕作措施下的马铃薯产量、水分利用效率、各层次土壤水分、有机质含量以及养分含量进行了研究.结果表明:免耕秸秆覆盖除垄上秸秆覆盖摆种外,其它各处理的产量和水分利用效率较传统耕作都有不同程度的提高;免耕秸秆覆盖能明显改善0～80cm的土壤贮水量,尤其是0～30cm的土壤贮水量;免耕秸秆覆盖可以提高0～30cm土壤层的有机质,但是对养分总量平衡的影响不大.

The field test was conducted in the western Loess Plateau,the treatments including conventional tillage（T）,surface seeding in the stubble mulched ditch with plastic film mulched ridge（PDSS）,shallow seeding in the stubble mulched ditch with plastic film mulched ridge（PDSSH）,surface seeding on ridge with stubble（RSS）,surface seeding in flatten culture with stubble（FSS）and surface seeding in the stubble mulched ditch without plastic film mulched ridge（DSS）.The yield.water use efficiency（WUE）,soil water in each layer,organic matter content and nutrient of each treatment were studied.The results showed that except RSS in no-tillage with straw cover treatments,both yield and water use efficiency of each treatment increased in different degree when compared with T;the treatment of no-tillage with straw cover could improve water storage of 0~80 cm soil significantly,especially 0~30 cm soil;and this treatment also could increase organic matter in 0~30cm soil layer,but had little effect on total nutrient balance.