黄土高原南缘土石山区耕地地力评价研究

Evaluation of farmland productivity on the earth and rocky area of the South Loess Plateau

以黄土高原南缘土石山区陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区为例,通过野外采样和室内分析,获取大量耕地地力相关信息,在GIS的支持下,利用层次分析法、模糊评价等数学方法和模型对研究区耕地地力进行定量化评价。结果表明:该区耕地基础地力可分为6等,其中1等地占3.7%,2等地占17.2%,3等地占36.8%,4等地占24.1%,5等地占9.4%,6等地占8.9%。水浇地、园地和菜地主要集中在1、2、3等地;4等地在该区分布范围较广;而5、6等地主要分布于坡度较大、海拔较高、土壤耕层较薄的山区,利用类型主要为旱地。本研究分析了研究区各乡镇耕地数量及质量的空间分布特征,对耕地资源的科学管理、可持续利用及测土配方施肥有积极意义。

On the basis of the field investigation, field sampling and chemical analysis, farmland productivity in Chencang District, Baoji City was evaluated via GIS, Analytical Hierarch Program （AHP） and Fuzzy Mathematical Theory （FMT）. The results show that farmland productivity in the study area can be classified into six grades. Grade 1 area accounts for 3.7%, grade 2 for 17.2%, grade 3 for 36.8%, grade 4 for 24.1%, grade 5 for 9.4% and grade 6 for 8.9% of the total area, respectively. The first three grades of farmland are mainly irrigated lands, orchards and vegetable fields, in that order. Grade 4 occurs in every township. Grades 5 and 6 （which are farmlands） mainly occur in the mountain areas with steep slopes, high altitudes and thin layers of soil. Analysis of the characteristics of each grade for every township is beneficial for scientific management of farmlands, sustainable use soils and soil fertilization.