不同轮作方式下大棚草莓产量及土壤生物学特性

Effect of cropping system on yield of strawberry and soil biological property under plastic greenhouse condition

试验研究了不同轮作方式下大棚草莓产量、土壤微生物区系和土壤4种酶活性的变化, 结果表明：草莓 闷棚、草莓 水稻轮作方式草莓产量及效益明显比草莓 甜瓜旱地轮作方式高, 且土壤pH值高, 盐分积累少, 黄萎病发生率低。草莓 闷棚、草莓 水稻轮作方式的草莓土壤微生物总数比草莓 甜瓜旱地轮作多, 其中细菌所占比例达95.92%～96.21%, 高于草莓 甜瓜旱地轮作的89.91%, 细菌与真菌之比达649～787, 为草莓 甜瓜旱地轮作的10倍左右。草莓 闷棚、草莓 水稻轮作明显提高了土壤转化酶的活性。实行草莓 闷棚和草莓 水稻水旱轮作方式, 可让大棚草莓的土壤障碍得到缓解或消除, 实现可持续生产。

A 4-year experiment was conducted in plastic greenhouse to determine the effect of three different cropping systems [strawberry-solarization （strawberry monoculture with solarization to inhibit pathogens）, strawberry-rice rotation, and straw-berry-melon rotation] on the yield of strawberry, soil microbes and soil enzyme activity. The results show that both the yield and economic output of strawberry increase under strawberry-solarization and strawberry-rice rotation compared with strawberry-melon rotation. Soil pH increases but salt accumulation and wilting disease declines under the two cropping systems. Compared with strawberry-melon rotation, both strawberry-solarization and strawberry-rice rotation increase soil microbial amount. And the microbe composition changes in two systems with 95.92%～96.21% bacteria population, while bacteria population proportion is 89.91% under strawberry-melon rotation. The ratio of bacteria to fungi under strawberry-solarization and strawberry-rice rotation is 9 times higher than that under strawberry-melon rotation. Soil invertase activity is also enhanced under strawberry-rice rotation and strawberry -solarization. The findings of the study suggest that ＂wet-drought＂ crop rotation such as strawberry-solarization and strawberry-rice rotation can eliminate soil restrictions to realize sustainability of production.