不同水分条件对小麦-玉米两熟制作物生长和水分利用的影响

Effect of Different Water Conditions on Plant Growth and Water Utilization of Wheat-corn Two Harvesting System in Henan Province

为探明不同水分条件对小麦-玉米两熟制水分利用的影响,通过秸秆覆盖和施用保水剂等水分调控措施,进行了不同灌水量对小麦、玉米生长发育和产量、土壤水分及水分利用等方面的影响研究。结果表明：合理灌水有益小麦群体发育,提高成穗数量、株高、穗粒数和千粒重,从而促进小麦增产,其中以补充灌水1 200 m^3/hm^2效果最佳,增产11.83%;但过多灌水反而影响小麦产量,补充灌水2 400 m^3/hm^2减产1%,并影响玉米产量。小麦灌水处理的玉米分别比对照增产7.31%-16.15%,其中补充灌水1 800 m^3/hm^2增产效果最佳,增产16.15%。夏秋两季作物产量结果表明,河南省中产灌区在秸秆覆盖和施用保水剂的情况下,小麦-玉米两熟制最佳补充灌溉量为1 200-1 800m3/hm^2。土壤含水量动态变化表明,秸秆覆盖与保水剂相结合,并进行适量补充灌水有利于改善和补偿土壤水分,而且有影响全年作物生长的趋势。玉米收获后,土壤有效养分和有机质有所下降,表明种植夏玉米应追施适量磷、钾肥,同时加大夏季作物秸秆的还田量,以提高土壤有机质。

To investigate the effect of different water condition on water use of wheat-corn,application of the straw-mulching,nutrition water-retaining agent and different irrigation were carried out to research the wheat-corn growth,yield,soil moisture and water utilization.The result indicated that rational irrigation plays an active role to wheat population dynamics developing and improve wheat spike length,plant height,spike grains,1 000 grains weight and yield.The highest wheat yield was 1 200 m^3/ha of supplement irrigation,it increased 11.83% comparing to CK.The worst one was 2 400 m^3/ha of supplement irrigation,it minus 1.0%.The more important thing was the irrigation of wheat could affect the corn yield,which of them improves 7.31% to 16.15% comparing to CK,and the best one was 1 800 m^3/ha of supplement irrigation.The result of wheat-corn yield stated the best volume of complement irrigation was 1 200 m^3/ha to 1 800 m^3/ha under the application of straw-mulching and nutrition water-retaining agent for wheat-corn two crops harvest system in mid-production irrigated zone in Henan province.The changes of soil moisture stated progressively that the straw-mulching and nutrition water-retaining agent application could improve and compensate soil moisture and affect the tendency of crop growth and development in a year.The result of soil nutrition changes stated it＇s necessary to apply phosphate and ium fertilizer and add straw recession volume for autumn crop.