历史事实判断工具还是价值评价尺度——对史学领域“现代化”理论的质疑

History cognition tool or value evaluation scale——queries on the theory of modernization in the domain of historiography

现代化理论作为历史认识的工具有力地推动了史学的发展,但是将现代化作为价值评价尺度却造成了种种混乱。现代化在政府树立目标、学术界塑造必然趋势、社会幻想理想王国的作用下,被动充当衡量一切价值的尺度。然而,广义现代化价值尺度无法确定合理的内涵以及合适的外延;狭义现代化价值尺度忽视现代化道路的多样性和现代社会的复杂性,人为将现代与传统、西方与东方对立,都不具备价值尺度的资格。

Modernization theory, as a history cognition tool, promoted the development of historiography strongly, but as the value evaluation scale it caused various chaoses. The modernization can be considered as all the value evaluation scale when the government sets up the goal and the academia builds up the necessary trend under the ideal utopia kingdom. However, the generalized modernization measurement can＇ t determine the reasonable intention and proper extension while the restricted modernization measurement neglects the diversity of the modernization and the complexity of the modern society, thus setting modernity against tradition, and west against east on purpose can＇ t be qualified as the measure of value.