明清科举的正途与异途——关于福建、江西、安徽族谱资料的分析

The right track and different way in the imperial examination in the Ming and Qing Dynasties——an analysis on genealogy data in Fujian,Jiangxi and Anhui Provinces

明清时期,科举制度的推行与家族制度的发展呈现相辅相成的关系,获得功名是许多家族之凝成与延续的重要前提。获得功名的途径大体上分正途与异途两种。从族谱资料的分析可知:家族中的正途出身与异途出身往往相互支撑,共同为家族的延续和发展作出贡献。有的是前期多正途出身,后期多异途出身。有的则先由异途出身,后代逐渐走上正途。从各自的水平和行迹看,异途或许也能在一定程度上起到搜罗遗才的作用。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a close relationship between implementation of the imperial examination system and development of family system. Getting fames was a foundation of clan＇ s cohesion and continuation. There were two kinds of getting fames ： the right track and different road. From the genealogy data, there were mutual support relation between the right track and different way, both of them had contributions in clan＇ s cohesion and continuation. Some of clan passed the right track in early period and passed the different way in late period. Some of clan walked the opposite ways. Looked at their level and trace,the different way could play a function on collecting left talents.